GOAL NO. 2:
ZERO HUNGER
There are
people in the world so hungry that God
cannot appear to them except in the form of bread.
- Gandhi
The realization of the need to fight hunger has long been felt by many. The
presupposition that Global Hunger is the call of the hour is indeed a
categorical truth. But what is more important than the tenets of The UN and the
organizations spearheading this global cause, is the modus operandi that
briefly follows this decade and the next. Though the initiatives are nascent,
it is important that the commonwealth are well informed about the big tidal
wave that is about to follow.
Simply stated, the title says it all. “Zero Hunger”,
the second Sustainable Development Goal (SDG), aims to battle the global
malnutrition by ensuring the denizens of the world get adequate and nutritious
food. On a grandiose scale, it is a global political mission involving the
participation of several Individuals, NGOs, Governments and Civil Society. Inspired
by the success of countries like Brazil in reducing hunger, the UN
Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon initiated the Rio+20 Conference on Sustainable
Development in 2012. The Challenge has an integrated approach, with logical
objectives. It calls on all stakeholders to work together in an amalgamated
manner, and help them recognize that Zero Hunger can only be achieved if all
elements are taken together: zero stunting and good nutrition, with access to
adequate food for everyone at all times. The twelfth SDG calls on member states
to “Ensures sustainable Consumption and Production Patterns” which similarly
includes a target on global food waste and loss. With these goals in hand, The
UN aims to eradicate hunger and improve prudential consumption of food.
Having established such a daring proposal, the UN
faces a demanding mission which requires a diligent and meticulous undertaking.
The 2030 Agenda recognizes that the UN cannot claim success if any goal is
unmet, or if any country or person is left behind. Hence the UN recognizes that
each goal can only be achieved in the company of the others.
The Birth of the Goal
“If, by the end of my term, all Brazilians are able
to eat breakfast, lunch and dinner, I will have fulfilled my life's mission,”
said Lula in his inaugural speech as his country's president on January 1st
200. To end this national threat that plagued his country, the flagship of his
administration's all-out attack on poverty became Fome Zero (Zero Hunger), a
scheme to ensure that even the poorest Brazilian will get three square meals a
day. That was 9 years before the Rio Summit. Today Rio is successful in
reducing its nation hunger by 93%. The United Nations decided that Rio would be
the perfect place to hold the summit.
Ban praised the previous efforts of the Brazilian
government to reduce poverty and hunger through its Fome Zero program, launched
in 2004 at the summit. The initiative has lifted millions of people out of
poverty by supporting local farmers and community kitchens and introducing
social welfare policies such as the Bolsa Familia scheme. He went on to propose
a similar vision of his for the world at the summit. He named it Zero Hunger. He
called on everyone to take action that would reduce the number of
undernourished people – more than 870 million at that time – and help build
sustainable food systems that could provide adequate nutritious food to all
people all year round while supporting smallholder and family farmers.
The Causes of Hunger and Food Security include the following
1. Depleted Assets and Depleted Resources.
2. Insufficient Income.
3. Climate Change and Global Warming.
4. Lack of livelihood diversification.
5. Weak Global nets and Weak Policy Environment.
The Objectives of the Zero Hunger Program
1. 100% access to food for all, all year round
2. An end to stunted growth among children under
two, due to lack of nutrients in their infancy.
3. Ensuring food systems are sustainable (although
there is no reference to how this could be achieved).
4. Doubling smallholder productivity and income
5. A reduction in food waste beginning from the
sowing of the seed till the final consumption.
The Modus Operandi
Three years after UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon
launched his Zero Hunger Challenge he wanted it to be a millennium development
goal. He invited more than 40,000 people from more than 130 countries, UN
officials and civil society leaders to share his vision of the future. The 23
UN agencies, funds and programs of the High-Level Task Force for Global Food
Security have aligned their collective work plans around the elements and
vision of the Zero Hunger Challenge. This instilled hopes in the minds of millions
of people around the world who are expecting a rapid change in the
developmental process.
Endorsing the challenge, the UK's deputy Prime
Minister, Nick Clegg, said Britain would be allocating £150m from the
international climate change fund to support about 6 million farmers,
particularly in Nigeria and Ethiopia. The money will be channelized through the
adaptation for smallholder agriculture program to help farmers adapt to the
impact of climate change.
The man who designed the Fome Zero program for the
Brazil, Graziano da Silva, is currently the director general of the Food and
Agriculture Organization (FAO). He promised to work along with the
International Fund for Agriculture (IFAD), the World Food Program (WFP),
UNICEF, the World Bank and Biodiversity International to collectively amass
money for the Sustainable Development Funds.
Also the World Bank has pledge to invest 35 billion
US $ for the mission with investments in technology of leading Corporates such
as Biogen, Amway and PepsiCo.
The Global Response
Unilever and DSM
In Bangladesh, Unilever has invested more than
$800,000 this year in programs to improve the nutritional health of school
children in government schools within India by initiating a free school meals
program that is reaching more than 47,000 children. DSM, is providing its
expertise to help WFP improve the nutritional value of the food it distributes
in the form of micronutrients enhanced fortified rice.
The Bill &
Melinda Gates Foundation
The world’s largest private foundation — will spend
$776 million over the next six years to fight malnutrition, a strong signal of
support for a historically underfunded sector, according to the foundation’s
leaders. Co-chair Melinda Gates announced the new pledge — and its accompanying
new program strategy —at the European Development Days, the European
Commission’s development forum held annually in Brussels, Belgium. In her
remarks, Gates highlighted nutrition’s chronic underrepresentation in global
development budgets and called on other donors to step up their own commitments.
The Indian
Response
The Midday Meal
Scheme
The Midday Meal Scheme is a school meal program of
the government of India designed to improve the nutritional status of
school-age children nationwide. The MDM scheme has many potential benefits:
attracting children from disadvantaged sections (especially girls, Dalits and
Adivasis) to school, improving regularity, nutritional benefits, and
socialization benefits. Media reports have also highlighted several
implementation issues, including irregularity, corruption, hygiene, caste
discrimination, etc. The toddlers are also given only a 270 Calories intake
despite the promised 450 Calories. Hence, the efficacy of the scheme is highly
debatable.
M.S.Swaminathan’s
Commitment
2015 is the International Year of the Soil and Mr
Swaminathan, the Father of Green Revolution, aimed to highlight the importance
of land and soil in achieving the Zero Hunger Challenge. He promised to
contribute 18000 GM Seeds to farmers in Punjab for free of cost. He helped
farmers in Punjab construct Solar Panels which are connected to a hydroponics
system of irrigation. He also held an All India Workshop at Gurgaon - Haryana,
to educate farmers on the scientific method of Farming and told them about the
UN SDGs.
The Future and Solution
Eliminating hunger and malnutrition means building
policy frameworks and investing in programming approaches that prioritize
nutrition for children in their first 1,000 days, sustainable smallholder
agriculture, rural development, poverty reduction, climate control, social
protection and equality of opportunity. The only two solutions to this
conundrum are Technology and Sustainability. Today’s crops crisscross the
globe: Mexico's tomatoes end up on our plate, our wheat heads to Africa. As a
result, the challenge of growing twice as much food by 2030 to feed nine
billion people—with less and less land—is everyone's problem. But scientists
are hard at work, fomenting a second green revolution.
The Future Solutions
1. Farming the Deserts
2.
Increasing Biodiversity in countries
3. Rebuild Rice by altering its genome
4. Replace Fertilizer with Recycled Food waste
5. Re-Map a Continent
6. Use Robot Labour
7. Resurrect the Soil using Carbon Nanotubes and
Nanotechnology
8. Make Super-crops adjust to Global Warming
As we work towards the objectives set out in the
Zero Hunger Challenge, we recognize that no single organization – however
committed it is, and however deep its pockets – will be able to help the world
reach these goals on its own. It is only with the arduous efforts of many
people can such an audacious issue be confronted.